Stone in Architecture: Properties, DurabilityThe readers of the first two editions of Stone: Properties, Durabi lity in Man's Environment, were mostly architects, restoration architects of buildings and monuments in natural stone, profes sionals who sought basic technical information for non-geologists. The increasing awareness of rapidly decaying monuments and their rescue from loss to future generations have urged this writer to update the 1973 and 1975 editions, now unavailable and out of print. Due to the 20-year-Iong interval, extensive updating was necessary to produce this new book. The present edition concentrates on the natural material stone, as building stone, dimension stone, architectural stone, and decorative field stones. Recently, the use of stone for thin curtain walls on buildings has become fashionable. The thin slabs exposed to anew, unknown complexity of stresses, resulting in bowing of crystalline marble, has attracted much negative pUblicity. The costs of replacing white slabs of marble on entire buildings with its legal implications have led construction com panies into bankruptcy. We blame many environmental problems on acid rain. Does acid rain really accelerate stone decay that much? Stone preservation is being attempted with an ever-increasing number of chemicals applied by as many specialists to save crumbling stone. Chemists filled this need during a time of temporary job scarcity, while the general geologist missed this opportunity; he was too deeply involved in the search for fossil fuels and metals. |
Contents
I | 1 |
II | 3 |
IV | 6 |
V | 8 |
VI | 9 |
VII | 10 |
VIII | 12 |
IX | 14 |
CII | 145 |
CVII | 148 |
CVIII | 149 |
CIX | 151 |
CX | 152 |
CXII | 155 |
CXIII | 157 |
CXIV | 158 |
X | 15 |
XI | 17 |
XII | 19 |
XIII | 20 |
XV | 21 |
XVI | 25 |
XVII | 26 |
XIX | 29 |
XXI | 31 |
XXII | 32 |
XXIV | 33 |
XXV | 35 |
XXVII | 36 |
XXIX | 38 |
XXX | 43 |
XXXI | 45 |
XXXIII | 47 |
XXXIV | 48 |
XXXV | 52 |
XXXVI | 54 |
XXXVII | 59 |
XXXVIII | 60 |
XXXIX | 63 |
XLI | 64 |
XLII | 65 |
XLIII | 68 |
XLIV | 70 |
XLV | 71 |
XLVI | 78 |
XLVII | 80 |
L | 82 |
LI | 83 |
LII | 85 |
LIII | 89 |
LIV | 91 |
LVI | 92 |
LVII | 94 |
LIX | 97 |
LXI | 99 |
LXIII | 101 |
LXIV | 105 |
LXV | 106 |
LXVI | 108 |
LXVII | 109 |
LXVIII | 111 |
LXIX | 113 |
LXX | 115 |
LXXI | 116 |
LXXII | 121 |
LXXIII | 122 |
LXXV | 123 |
LXXVII | 124 |
LXXVIII | 127 |
LXXXI | 130 |
LXXXIII | 132 |
LXXXVI | 133 |
LXXXIX | 134 |
XCI | 135 |
XCII | 136 |
XCIII | 137 |
XCV | 138 |
XCVII | 139 |
XCVIII | 142 |
CXVII | 159 |
CXX | 160 |
CXXI | 163 |
CXXIII | 165 |
CXXIV | 169 |
CXXV | 171 |
CXXVI | 173 |
CXXVII | 174 |
CXXVIII | 177 |
CXXIX | 178 |
CXXX | 184 |
CXXXI | 187 |
CXXXII | 188 |
CXXXIII | 189 |
CXXXIV | 191 |
CXXXV | 192 |
CXXXVI | 194 |
CXXXVII | 195 |
CXXXVIII | 200 |
CXXXIX | 203 |
CXL | 205 |
CXLI | 211 |
CXLII | 215 |
CXLIII | 218 |
CXLVII | 219 |
CXLIX | 220 |
CLII | 223 |
CLIII | 225 |
CLV | 226 |
CLVI | 227 |
CLVII | 230 |
CLIX | 231 |
CLX | 233 |
CLXII | 238 |
CLXIII | 239 |
CLXIV | 240 |
CLXVI | 241 |
CLXVIII | 248 |
CLXIX | 249 |
CLXX | 250 |
CLXXII | 252 |
CLXXIII | 254 |
CLXXIV | 256 |
CLXXV | 258 |
CLXXVII | 259 |
CLXXVIII | 262 |
CLXXX | 264 |
CLXXXII | 266 |
CLXXXIV | 267 |
CLXXXVIII | 268 |
CXC | 270 |
CXCIII | 271 |
CXCV | 273 |
CXCVI | 274 |
CXCVII | 276 |
CXCVIII | 280 |
CC | 283 |
CCI | 285 |
CCII | 291 |
CCIV | 296 |
CCV | 299 |
311 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abrasion absorption acid rain areas ASTM atmosphere bacteria basalt bedding planes blocks building calcite capillaries carbonate rocks chemical clay cleavage color compressive strength concentration concrete consolidants corrosive cracks crust crystalline marble crystallization damage deicing deicing salts density deposits dolomite durability dust efflorescence environment expansion feldspar ferric ferrous fine-grained fracture Gabbro Geol Gneiss grain cement granite gray gypsum halite hardness hornblende hydration igneous rocks Indiana limestone industrial iron joints Kieslinger limestone-marble limonite masonry material metamorphic rocks mica minerals modulus of rupture moisture mortar Munsell natural organic orthoclase oxidation pigment plagioclase pore porosity pressure pyrite quarry quartz Quartzite radiation rainwater relative humidity sandstone scale schist sedimentary rocks sediments shale silica silicosis slabs slate soil solubility solution solvent spalling Stone Catalog stone decay stone surface structure stylolites sulfate sulfur Table temperature texture thermal urban velocity walls weathering Winkler